The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour

Sangeeta Patle; Manoj Jhariya; Abhishekh K Anish; Mitali Garg

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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| Peer-Reviewed

The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour

Sangeeta Patle^*

, Manoj Jhariya

, Abhishekh K Anish

, Mitali Garg

Published in International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 2 July 2025 Accepted: 28 July 2025 Published: 25 August 2025

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Abstract

The intersection of cognitive science and forensic science represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving frontier in the quest to understand, predict, and ultimately prevent criminal behaviour. Cognitive science, a multidisciplinary domain encompassing psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, offers a robust framework for decoding the mental and behavioural processes underlying criminal acts. As forensic science increasingly moves beyond the analysis of physical evidence to consider the psychological dimensions of crime, cognitive science provides essential tools and methodologies for analyzing intent, decision-making, deception, and memory. This paper critically examines this interdisciplinary integration by highlighting concrete forensic applications: lie detection through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), memory reliability assessments in eyewitness testimony using cognitive interview techniques, decision-making analysis in criminal profiling through dual-process theory, and the use of executive function models to assess impulse control in offenders. Neurocognitive tools such as fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) further support the analysis of brain activity linked to deceptive behavior and moral judgment. By enhancing our understanding of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment, cognitive science enriches forensic investigations, supports judicial accuracy, and informs preventive and rehabilitative strategies in criminal justice systems.

Published in	International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
Page(s)	67-74
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cognitive Science, Forensic Science, Criminal Psychology, Criminal Investigation

1. Introduction

Forensic science has long served as the foundation of modern criminal investigations, primarily centered on the analysis of physical evidence—such as fingerprints, DNA, and ballistic materials—to identify suspects and reconstruct criminal events

[1]

. While these methodologies effectively answer the questions of how and who, they often fall short in addressing the more complex psychological inquiry of why individuals engage in criminal behavior. Understanding the cognitive and motivational underpinnings of criminal actions is critical for creating comprehensive investigative and legal strategies, particularly in cases where intent and mental state influence culpability and sentencing.

This deeper inquiry into the criminal mind is where cognitive science—a multidisciplinary field drawing from psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology—has begun to play a transformative role. Cognitive science investigates how individuals perceive, reason, remember, and make decisions, offering critical insights into the thought processes that may precede or accompany unlawful behavior

[2, 3]

. The field also addresses abnormalities in cognitive functioning, such as deficits in moral reasoning, executive control, and empathy, which are often linked to violent or antisocial conduct

[4, 5]

The integration of cognitive science into forensic practice enables a more nuanced understanding of criminal behavior. It provides tools for analyzing psychological traits and cognitive dysfunctions that are not observable through traditional forensic evidence alone. Techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive-behavioral assessments have been employed to assess deception, gauge witness memory reliability, and explore neural correlates of psychopathy and moral decision-making

[6-8]

This paper critically examines how cognitive science contributes to forensic applications, with particular emphasis on four domains: behavioral profiling, deception detection, eyewitness memory assessment, and the cognitive neuroscience of criminal intent. By bridging the gap between the observable actions of a suspect and the internal cognitive mechanisms that drive those actions, cognitive science enhances the explanatory power and ethical precision of forensic science. This interdisciplinary collaboration not only improves the reliability of investigations and trials but also informs preventative measures and rehabilitative strategies within the justice system.

2. Cognitive Science: An Overview

Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand the structure and functioning of the human mind by drawing on insights from psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence (AI), linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology. Its core aim is to explore how individuals acquire, process, store, and apply knowledge through mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making

[3, 9]

. These cognitive processes are central to how people interpret their environment, form judgments, and react to situations—factors that are crucial in both normative and criminal behavior.

Cognitive science employs several techniques to measure and interpret mental activity. For instance, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) allow researchers to observe brain activity while individuals engage in cognitive tasks. These tools have identified specific brain regions involved in aggression, impulse control, and moral reasoning—areas often linked to criminal behavior

[6, 8]

. In forensic contexts, fMRI-based lie detection has been explored as a supplement to traditional polygraph testing to detect deception with greater objectivity.

Other methods such as eye-tracking and reaction-time analysis—which measures the speed of responses to visual or verbal stimuli—offer indirect but valuable insights into how individuals process information. For example, longer reaction times when responding to unexpected questions during interviews can signal cognitive load associated with deception. Such techniques are being tested in courtroom settings to assess eyewitness credibility and detect inconsistent testimony

[10]

Computational modeling, especially through Bayesian modeling (a method that uses probabilities to update beliefs based on new evidence), allows researchers to simulate human decision-making processes. In forensic science, such models help in understanding how suspects or witnesses make choices under stress, uncertainty, or coercion—common conditions during crimes or police interrogations

[11]

. For example, AI-based risk assessment tools use probabilistic modeling to evaluate the likelihood of recidivism or to support bail decisions, making these applications directly relevant to legal practice.

Cognitive theories further enhance forensic understanding. The dual-process theory, for instance, differentiates between fast, automatic responses (System 1) and slower, deliberate reasoning (System 2), offering explanations for why some crimes are impulsive while others are premeditated

[12]

. Similarly, the theory of mind helps assess an offender’s capacity to understand the perspectives and intentions of others—useful in cases involving manipulation, fraud, or antisocial behavior.

By bridging cognitive science and forensic practice, researchers and practitioners are gaining a deeper, more nuanced understanding of criminal behavior. This interdisciplinary approach not only strengthens criminal profiling and credibility assessments but also supports evidence-based policies for intervention and rehabilitation. As the field matures, its contributions to forensic science are expected to expand, fostering more accurate, equitable, and scientifically grounded practices across investigative and judicial domains.

3. Cognitive Processes Behind Criminal Behavior

3.1. Executive Function and Impulse Control

Executive functions are a set of high-level cognitive processes—including inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and goal management—that are primarily regulated by the prefrontal cortex

[13]

. These processes are vital for regulating behavior, controlling impulses, and making socially appropriate decisions. In forensic psychology, deficits in executive functioning have been consistently linked to impulsive, aggressive, and maladaptive behaviors, which are common among criminal offenders.

Neurological research has shown that impairments in the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal regions of the prefrontal cortex are associated with increased risk-taking, poor judgment, and reduced behavioral inhibition

[14]

. Such deficits are particularly evident in individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or those with a history of violent or repeat offenses

[5]

. When executive functioning is compromised, individuals may struggle to inhibit inappropriate responses or foresee the long-term consequences of their actions—factors that can significantly elevate the risk of criminal conduct, especially under stress or provocation.

Neuropsychological assessments, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Stroop Test, are frequently used in forensic contexts to evaluate executive dysfunction. Poor performance on these tasks has been linked to higher levels of aggression, impulsivity, and recidivism

[15]

, highlighting the importance of cognitive profiling in both risk assessment and rehabilitative planning.

Importantly, these deficits are not necessarily fixed. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and related interventions have shown promise in improving executive function by enhancing self-regulation, impulse control, and decision-making skills in offenders. CBT-based programs often incorporate strategies for emotional regulation, problem-solving, and perspective-taking—core components of executive functioning—which can reduce the likelihood of reoffending. Integrating such cognitive interventions into correctional and therapeutic settings represents a proactive approach to rehabilitation, offering offenders the tools to modify behavior and reintegrate more successfully into society.

3.2. Moral Reasoning and Empathy

Moral reasoning, the capacity to distinguish right from wrong and to act in accordance with societal norms—is rooted in the interplay of emotional and cognitive brain systems, particularly the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala

[16]

. These regions integrate emotional signals with ethical decision-making, empathy, and theory of mind. When their function is impaired—whether due to structural abnormalities or developmental disruptions—individuals may exhibit reduced guilt, shallow affect, and emotional detachment, traits commonly associated with psychopathy and persistent violent offending.

Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that individuals with psychopathic traits display significantly reduced activation in the vmPFC and amygdala during tasks involving moral judgment

[17]

. This neural hypoactivity aligns with behavioral patterns characterized by a lack of remorse, manipulativeness, and disregard for others’ welfare. Additionally, empathy deficits—identified through both neuroimaging and behavioral assessments—have been shown to impair one’s ability to recognize or care about the suffering of others, thereby facilitating moral violations without emotional conflict

[18]

. To quantify moral reasoning, tools such as the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) offer structured assessments across domains like harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity. These frameworks can help evaluate an individual's moral orientation and are increasingly used in forensic and correctional psychology to understand the cognitive-emotional basis of criminal behavior.

These insights carry important implications for forensic practice. Neurocognitive data can complement psychiatric evaluations when determining criminal responsibility, especially in complex cases involving juveniles or individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In such populations, moral reasoning may be underdeveloped or atypically structured, calling for nuanced legal interpretations and potentially reduced culpability

[19]

However, the application of neuroscientific evidence in legal contexts raises significant ethical concerns. Questions about free will, moral agency, and fair sentencing become particularly pressing when neurobiological impairments are cited in defense. There is a growing debate over how such evidence should influence judicial outcomes—balancing compassion with public safety, and understanding with accountability.

4. Applications in Forensic Contexts

Cognitive science plays a critical role in various forensic applications, offering valuable insights into criminal behavior, decision-making, and the psychological processes involved in legal proceedings. By analyzing the mental processes underlying crime, cognitive science contributes to fields such as criminal profiling, lie detection, eyewitness testimony evaluation, and risk assessment. This section explores how cognitive science enriches forensic practices in these domains, illustrating its increasing importance in modern criminal justice systems.

4.1. Criminal Profiling

Criminal profiling involves constructing a psychological and behavioral profile of an offender based on patterns of crime and investigative clues. Traditionally, this process has relied on experience and intuition; however, cognitive science has introduced a more systematic and scientific approach by focusing on offenders' mental states and decision-making processes. Cognitive models help forensic psychologists and profilers understand the mental frameworks offenders use when perceiving situations, formulating motives, and planning actions.

Profilers can use these frameworks to predict an offender's next move or their psychological state during a crime. For example, criminals may rely on cognitive shortcuts (heuristics) when planning their actions, leading to certain predictable behaviors, such as avoiding certain locations or targeting specific victims. Additionally, the concept of cognitive distortions—biased ways of thinking that justify criminal actions—can also be used to identify and understand the underlying psychological patterns in offenders

[20]

. These tools allow investigators to move beyond surface-level behavior to more accurately predict and apprehend offenders based on their thought patterns.

4.2. Lie Detection

Traditional lie detection methods, such as the polygraph or "lie detector" test, measure physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) to identify deception. However, the polygraph has faced substantial criticism for its limited reliability, as physiological responses may occur for reasons unrelated to deception, such as nervousness or anxiety

[21]

. Cognitive science offers more accurate and objective alternatives, notably the Concealed Information Test (CIT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

The CIT measures brain activity associated with recognizing information that the individual is attempting to conceal. It capitalizes on the fact that when people are confronted with details of a crime that they are familiar with, their brain activity—particularly in areas related to memory and emotional processing (e.g., the parietal cortex and amygdala)—will be heightened compared to when they encounter neutral information

[22]

. This method has been shown to have greater reliability in detecting deception compared to traditional polygraphs.

Another promising approach is fMRI, which examines brain activity during deceptive responses. Research has demonstrated that when individuals lie, the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and other areas associated with higher cognitive processes show increased activation

[23]

. Although still in experimental stages, fMRI-based lie detection holds potential for more accurate and scientifically grounded methods for identifying deceit in forensic contexts.

4.3. Eyewitness Testimony

Eyewitness testimony has long been considered one of the most compelling forms of evidence in legal proceedings. However, cognitive science has revealed that human memory is not as reliable as previously believed. Studies on memory have shown that it is reconstructive, meaning that memories are not static, but are influenced by various factors, such as stress, suggestion, and the passage of time. Cognitive research on memory distortions

[7]

has significantly impacted the way legal professionals assess the credibility of eyewitnesses.

Research has demonstrated that factors like suggestion, where witnesses are exposed to misleading information after the event, can cause false memories to form

[24]

. Furthermore, stress and time delay can significantly impair an eyewitness's ability to recall accurate details. The weapon focus effect, for instance, shows that the presence of a weapon can narrow an eyewitness’s attention and lead to poor recall of peripheral details

[25]

. Understanding these cognitive mechanisms allows legal professionals to critically evaluate eyewitness accounts and prevent wrongful convictions based on unreliable testimony.

The implications of cognitive science for eyewitness testimony have led to the development of better interview techniques, such as the Cognitive Interview, which takes into account how memory works and aims to enhance recall without introducing distortions

[26]

4.4. Decision-Making and Risk Assessment

Cognitive models have proven valuable in understanding how individuals make decisions, particularly in situations involving uncertainty and risk. These models, including dual-process theory, which distinguishes between intuitive (System 1) and analytical (System 2) thinking

[12]

, help forensic professionals better understand how criminals weigh the costs and benefits of their actions, especially under stress or emotional strain.

In criminal behavior, individuals may act impulsively, driven by System 1 processes, such as immediate emotional reactions or desires, which bypass rational evaluation. In contrast, others may engage in more thoughtful, deliberative decision-making (System 2), where they carefully consider consequences, risks, and rewards

[27]

. These distinctions are crucial in understanding crimes of passion versus premeditated offenses.

Cognitive models also play a significant role in risk assessments for recidivism and rehabilitation. Tools like the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), which assesses psychopathic traits and behaviors, often include cognitive assessments of decision-making and impulse control

[28]

. Moreover, cognitive science informs risk assessment tools by examining how cognitive distortions (e.g., thinking errors that justify violence or crime) influence an offender’s likelihood of reoffending.

5. The Role of Neuroscience in Forensic Cognitive Science

The intersection of neuroscience and forensic cognitive science has grown significantly in recent years, providing critical insights into the biological underpinnings of criminal behavior. Through advancements in neuroimaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG), researchers are gaining a deeper understanding of how brain activity influences criminal actions, decision-making, and moral reasoning.

One of the primary contributions of neuroscience to forensic science is its ability to assess the biological correlates of behaviours traditionally considered deviant or criminal. Studies have shown that damage to specific regions of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher cognitive functions like impulse control and moral decision-making, can lead to aggression and impaired judgment

[29]

. For example, individuals with frontal lobe lesions or traumatic brain injury (TBI) often exhibit impulsive behaviour, diminished empathy, and difficulties in regulating their actions

[30]

. These findings have significant implications for legal contexts, particularly in cases involving diminished responsibility or mitigating circumstances. Brain injuries, especially those to the frontal cortex, can impair an individual’s ability to distinguish between right and wrong or control violent impulses, potentially reducing culpability for criminal acts

[31]

Neuroscience has also contributed to the growing field of neuro criminology, which seeks to understand the neurobiological basis of criminal behaviour. For instance, studies have shown that individuals with psychopathic traits often exhibit abnormalities in brain structures, particularly the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which are associated with emotional processing, moral decision-making, and empathy

[17]

. These findings challenge traditional notions of free will and moral accountability, prompting legal scholars and practitioners to reassess the extent to which an individual’s behaviour can be attributed to personal responsibility or neurobiological factors.

Despite its promise, the use of neuroscience in the courtroom remains a controversial issue. While brain scans can provide valuable insight into the cognitive and emotional states of offenders, their use as definitive proof in legal cases remains contentious. Critics argue that neuroimaging cannot reliably predict or explain complex human behaviour, and there are concerns about the misinterpretation of brain data by legal professionals who may not be adequately trained in neuroscience

[32]

. Moreover, the ethical implications of presenting brain scans as evidence, which may inadvertently stigmatize defendants with certain brain conditions, continue to raise concerns about fairness and justice in the legal system.

6. Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Despite the potential benefits, applying cognitive science and neuroscience in forensic settings raises significant ethical and practical concerns that must be addressed before widespread adoption. These concerns primarily revolve around issues of validity, reliability, and potential misuse.

One of the key challenges is the accuracy of forensic cognitive tools, particularly those used for lie detection and memory recall. False positives in lie detection, for example, could lead to wrongful accusations or convictions. Research has demonstrated that while methods like fMRI and the Concealed Information Test (CIT) can be more accurate than traditional polygraph tests, they are not foolproof and still suffer from limitations, such as false positives

[23]

. The misuse of brain data could also arise if neuroscientific evidence is presented without sufficient context or understanding, leading to miscarriages of justice. For instance, brain scans that show abnormal activity in the amygdala or prefrontal cortex could be misinterpreted as evidence of criminal intent, despite the fact that such activity may not directly correlate with violent behaviour

[32]

Another ethical dilemma is the potential for overreliance on probabilistic models in criminal assessments. Cognitive science models often rely on statistical probabilities to predict behaviours, such as recidivism or violence. However, these models are inherently probabilistic and do not account for the full complexity of human behaviour, including the influence of socioeconomic factors, personal experiences, and cultural context

[28]

. Using these models as the sole basis for sentencing or risk assessment could lead to unfair outcomes, particularly for individuals who may be misclassified as high-risk offenders based on incomplete or inaccurate data.

Furthermore, the introduction of neuro technologies in the courtroom has raised questions about privacy and the potential invasiveness of brain scans. As brain-imaging techniques become more refined, the ability to examine individuals' thoughts, intentions, and even moral judgments raises profound concerns about the boundaries of personal autonomy and the potential for abuse in legal settings

[32]

. For example, if the government or private entities were to gain access to individuals' brain scans without their consent, it could lead to serious violations of privacy rights and ethical principles.

7. Future Directions

The future of cognitive science in forensic contexts is promising, with significant potential for innovation through artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and virtual reality (VR) technologies. AI and machine learning algorithms can be trained to analyze large datasets of criminal behaviour, identifying patterns that may not be immediately apparent to human investigators. These technologies could revolutionize criminal profiling, risk assessments, and even help predict future criminal behaviour based on a person's psychological profile, past actions, and neurological traits

[33]

One area in which AI can contribute is in criminal behaviour prediction. Machine learning models that analyze data from criminal histories, neuropsychological assessments, and social factors could potentially predict future offending patterns, thereby allowing law enforcement to intervene earlier and more effectively in preventing crime

[34]

. However, such models must be approached with caution, as they raise concerns about data bias and discriminatory outcomes.

Another exciting frontier is the use of virtual reality (VR) combined with cognitive testing. VR has already shown promise in assessing behavioural tendencies in simulated environments, providing an opportunity to study how individuals respond to stress, moral dilemmas, and risky situations in real-time, controlled scenarios

[35]

. This technology allows for safe, repeatable assessments of behaviour without the ethical concerns associated with real-world crime. Moreover, VR can be used in rehabilitation programs, allowing offenders to experience the consequences of their actions in virtual environments, potentially fostering empathy and behaviour change

[36]

Despite the excitement surrounding these innovations, caution is necessary to ensure that these technologies are used ethically and responsibly. The integration of AI and VR into forensic science must be done with careful attention to issues such as informed consent, privacy protection, and the potential for misuse.

8. Conclusion

This review set out to illuminate how the integration of cognitive science into forensic science can profoundly reshape our understanding of criminal behavior—and it has demonstrated that this intersection offers not just new insights, but a transformative shift in how we investigate, interpret, and respond to crime. By drawing from the rich theoretical and methodological foundations of psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and behavioral modeling, cognitive science equips forensic practitioners with tools that go far beyond the physical traces of crime. It enables us to explore the why behind the what—shedding light on intent, deception, memory, impulse, and moral reasoning in ways that traditional forensic techniques alone cannot achieve.

Through focused discussions on lie detection using neuroimaging, cognitive profiling, executive dysfunction in offenders, empathy deficits in psychopathy, and the fragility of eyewitness memory, this review underscores how cognitive approaches can enhance the precision, depth, and ethical grounding of forensic investigations.

Yet, this progress does not come without its challenges. The ethical implications of introducing cognitive and neural data into the courtroom—especially in cases involving juveniles or individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions—are profound. Issues such as privacy, informed consent, neuro-rights, and the potential for misuse of brain-based evidence must be addressed with care and urgency. The legal system must not only embrace innovation but do so with rigorous standards that protect the fundamental rights of all involved.

Looking ahead, the fusion of cognitive science with emerging technologies—from machine learning and virtual reality to predictive behavioral modeling—promises to redefine how crimes are understood and prevented. These advancements hold immense potential for revolutionizing offender rehabilitation, risk assessment, and courtroom decision-making by offering scientifically robust,

In conclusion, this review reaffirms that the evolving partnership between cognitive science and forensic science is more than an academic endeavor—it is a powerful force for building a smarter, fairer, and more humane justice system. As interdisciplinary collaboration deepens and ethical frameworks solidify, the cognitive turn in forensics will not only enhance how we solve crimes but also how we understand human behavior at its most complex and consequential.

Abbreviations

FMRI	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
EEG	Electroencephalography
DNA	Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
ASPD	Anti-social Personality Disorder
WCST	Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
CBT	Cognitive Brain Therapy
TBI	Traumatic Brain Injury
CIT	Concealed Information Test
PCL-R	Psychopathy Checklist Revised
PET	Positron Emission Tomography
VmPFC	Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
AI	Artificial Intelligence
VR	Virtual Reality

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to myself for the dedicated work and perseverance required to complete this review article. I also thank to my co-authors for their valuable feedback and review the manuscript. Their insights helped enhance the clarity of the final draft.

Author Contributions

Sangeeta Patle: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing

Manoj Jhariya: Formal Analysis, Validation, Writing - review & editing

Abhishekh K Anish: Writing - review & editing

Mitali Garg: Writing - review & editing

Consent for Publication

Yes.

Availability of Data and Materials

Research and review articles.

Declaration

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.

Conflicts of Interest

There is no conflict of interest.

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Patle, S., Jhariya, M., Anish, A. K., Garg, M. (2025). The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 10(3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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Patle, S.; Jhariya, M.; Anish, A. K.; Garg, M. The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2025, 10(3), 67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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Patle S, Jhariya M, Anish AK, Garg M. The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2025;10(3):67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12,
  author = {Sangeeta Patle and Manoj Jhariya and Abhishekh K Anish and Mitali Garg},
  title = {The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour
},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {67-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  abstract = {The intersection of cognitive science and forensic science represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving frontier in the quest to understand, predict, and ultimately prevent criminal behaviour. Cognitive science, a multidisciplinary domain encompassing psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, offers a robust framework for decoding the mental and behavioural processes underlying criminal acts. As forensic science increasingly moves beyond the analysis of physical evidence to consider the psychological dimensions of crime, cognitive science provides essential tools and methodologies for analyzing intent, decision-making, deception, and memory. This paper critically examines this interdisciplinary integration by highlighting concrete forensic applications: lie detection through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), memory reliability assessments in eyewitness testimony using cognitive interview techniques, decision-making analysis in criminal profiling through dual-process theory, and the use of executive function models to assess impulse control in offenders. Neurocognitive tools such as fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) further support the analysis of brain activity linked to deceptive behavior and moral judgment. By enhancing our understanding of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment, cognitive science enriches forensic investigations, supports judicial accuracy, and informs preventive and rehabilitative strategies in criminal justice systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour

AU  - Sangeeta Patle
AU  - Manoj Jhariya
AU  - Abhishekh K Anish
AU  - Mitali Garg
Y1  - 2025/08/25
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
AB  - The intersection of cognitive science and forensic science represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving frontier in the quest to understand, predict, and ultimately prevent criminal behaviour. Cognitive science, a multidisciplinary domain encompassing psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, offers a robust framework for decoding the mental and behavioural processes underlying criminal acts. As forensic science increasingly moves beyond the analysis of physical evidence to consider the psychological dimensions of crime, cognitive science provides essential tools and methodologies for analyzing intent, decision-making, deception, and memory. This paper critically examines this interdisciplinary integration by highlighting concrete forensic applications: lie detection through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), memory reliability assessments in eyewitness testimony using cognitive interview techniques, decision-making analysis in criminal profiling through dual-process theory, and the use of executive function models to assess impulse control in offenders. Neurocognitive tools such as fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) further support the analysis of brain activity linked to deceptive behavior and moral judgment. By enhancing our understanding of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment, cognitive science enriches forensic investigations, supports judicial accuracy, and informs preventive and rehabilitative strategies in criminal justice systems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Sangeeta Patle

Department of Forensic Science, Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-2527
Manoj Jhariya

Department of Psychology Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1414-0559
Abhishekh K Anish

Department of Forensic Science, Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5745-3420
Mitali Garg

Department of Forensic Science, Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1099-5486

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APA Style

Patle, S., Jhariya, M., Anish, A. K., Garg, M. (2025). The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 10(3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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ACS Style

Patle, S.; Jhariya, M.; Anish, A. K.; Garg, M. The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2025, 10(3), 67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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AMA Style

Patle S, Jhariya M, Anish AK, Garg M. The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2025;10(3):67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12,
  author = {Sangeeta Patle and Manoj Jhariya and Abhishekh K Anish and Mitali Garg},
  title = {The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour
},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {67-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20251003.12},
  abstract = {The intersection of cognitive science and forensic science represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving frontier in the quest to understand, predict, and ultimately prevent criminal behaviour. Cognitive science, a multidisciplinary domain encompassing psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, offers a robust framework for decoding the mental and behavioural processes underlying criminal acts. As forensic science increasingly moves beyond the analysis of physical evidence to consider the psychological dimensions of crime, cognitive science provides essential tools and methodologies for analyzing intent, decision-making, deception, and memory. This paper critically examines this interdisciplinary integration by highlighting concrete forensic applications: lie detection through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), memory reliability assessments in eyewitness testimony using cognitive interview techniques, decision-making analysis in criminal profiling through dual-process theory, and the use of executive function models to assess impulse control in offenders. Neurocognitive tools such as fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) further support the analysis of brain activity linked to deceptive behavior and moral judgment. By enhancing our understanding of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment, cognitive science enriches forensic investigations, supports judicial accuracy, and informs preventive and rehabilitative strategies in criminal justice systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Role of Cognitive Science in Forensic Science to Study Criminal Behaviour

AU  - Sangeeta Patle
AU  - Manoj Jhariya
AU  - Abhishekh K Anish
AU  - Mitali Garg
Y1  - 2025/08/25
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20251003.12
AB  - The intersection of cognitive science and forensic science represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving frontier in the quest to understand, predict, and ultimately prevent criminal behaviour. Cognitive science, a multidisciplinary domain encompassing psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, offers a robust framework for decoding the mental and behavioural processes underlying criminal acts. As forensic science increasingly moves beyond the analysis of physical evidence to consider the psychological dimensions of crime, cognitive science provides essential tools and methodologies for analyzing intent, decision-making, deception, and memory. This paper critically examines this interdisciplinary integration by highlighting concrete forensic applications: lie detection through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), memory reliability assessments in eyewitness testimony using cognitive interview techniques, decision-making analysis in criminal profiling through dual-process theory, and the use of executive function models to assess impulse control in offenders. Neurocognitive tools such as fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) further support the analysis of brain activity linked to deceptive behavior and moral judgment. By enhancing our understanding of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment, cognitive science enriches forensic investigations, supports judicial accuracy, and informs preventive and rehabilitative strategies in criminal justice systems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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